Climate Concern and Engagement: Large Face-to-Face and Online Polls by the Dutch non-profit Milieudefensie

Climate change mitigation depends on tracking public opinion across populations. Social scientists can collaborate with environmental organizations that conduct surveys among their audiences. We teamed up with the non-profit Milieudefensie, who surveyed Dutch attitudes towards climate change in 2019–2020. The large dataset had face-to-face (n = 3,102) and online interviews (n = 30,311) of urbanity, climate concern, policy preferences, interviewer-rated engagement with climate change, and behavior (whether the interviewee provided their email and phone number to the organization). To reveal the representativeness of these kinds of convenience samples, we tested whether attitudes and their associations with behaviors were similar to previous studies. Climate concern, preference for climate policy, and interviewer-rated engagement were high. In the online survey, 47% of respondents signed up for an email newsletter, and 7% provided their phone number. Higher climate concern and preference for climate policy predicted interviewer-rated engagement and behavior (weak to strong associations). Urbanity was not related to concern, policy preferences, or interviewer-rated engagement. Policy preferences did not differ between the face-to-face and online samples. The results provide convergent evidence to conventional online surveys. These Dutch residents appear slightly more engaged with systemic change to mitigate climate change than the general public. (AU)

Seletividade socioterritorial e étnico-racial: papel das políticas sociais no enfrentamento de desigualdades históricas / Socio-territorial selectivity: the role of social policies in facing historical inequalities

O presente artigo tem como objetivo geral demonstrar a importância da dimensão étnico-racial na área da habitação, enfatizando os fenômenos socioespaciais atuais, com foco na seletividade socioterritorial. Para tal, utiliza-se de ampla revisão de literatura fundamentada no materialismo histórico e dialético em Marx, bem como nas análises sobre território e espaço de Milton Santos. Assim, evidenciando as motivações deste recorte fazer-se fundamental na área a partir de um resgate histórico sobre a formação socioespacial do espaço urbano no Brasil, tornando notória a consequente seletividade socioterritorial existente nos dias atuais. A partir da contextualização histórica, as ocupações irregulares são tidas como um reflexo desta questão e as Zonas Especiais de Interesse Social (ZEIS) tornam-se um importante suporte na garantia de moradia adequada à população de baixa renda; porém, ainda um tanto ineficazes sem um olhar atento para quem são os usuários das políticas e serviços ali presentes. Ademais, se fomenta o debate sobre a dimensão étnico racial precisar estar presente desde a formação acadêmica, visto que atualmente o conteúdo referente à temática é escasso ou quase nulo

This article aims to demonstrate the importance of the ethnic-racial dimension in housing, emphasizing current socio-spatial phenomena, with a focus on socio-territorial selectivity. In order to do so, it makes use of an extensive literature review based on Marx's historical and dialectical materialism, as well as Milton Santos' analysis of territory and space. Thus, evidencing the motivations of this cut, making itself fundamental in the area from a historical review of the socio-spatial formation of urban space in Brazil, making evident the consequent socio-territorial selectivity existing today. From the historical context, irregular occupations are seen as a reflection of this issue and the Special Zones of Social Interest (ZEIS) become an important support in guaranteeing adequate housing for the low-income population; however, they are still somewhat ineffective without a careful look at who the users of the policies and services present there are. Furthermore, the debate on the racial ethnic dimension is fostered, it needs to be present since academic training, as currently the content related to the subject is scarce or almost nil

City Government's Adoption of Housing Adaptation Policy Innovation for Older Adults: Evidence From China.

OBJECTIVES: Utilizing policy innovation and diffusion theory, this study aims to explain why city governments adopt housing adaptation policies that primarily benefit older people based on the case of China. METHODS: The data are drawn from an event history data set of a housing adaptation policy for older people collected from 283 Chinese cities from 2010 to 2018. Piecewise constant exponential models are utilized. RESULTS: The results indicate that cities facing greater internal pressure and a higher political status are more likely to adopt a housing adaptation policy for older people. Policy adoption by neighboring cities could further facilitate this process. DISCUSSION: Policy innovation and diffusion theory provide a useful framework for this study. That is, the Chinese city government's adoption of housing adaptation policy for older adults is initially driven by local needs and then accelerated by interactions among neighboring governments.

Infâncias, gêneros e sexualidades: implicações ético-políticas das parentalidades / Infancias, género y sexualidades: implicaciones ético-políticas de las paternidades / Children, genders and sexualities: ethical-political implications of parentalities

RESUMO. Em diálogo com cenas do contexto brasileiro de políticas sexuais e de gênero e tomando como suporte os estudos feministas e queer, o artigo tem como objetivo problematizar a dimensão hierárquica e das relações de poder parentais na determinação das expressões de gênero de crianças e discutir as contribuições dos estudos feministas e queer para o debate sobre os direitos de crianças e jovens a seus corpos e desejos. Para isso, situa a infância como um dispositivo da biopolítica que se entrelaça com os dispositivos de gêneros e sexualidades nos modelos delineados pelas narrativas psicológicas e educacionais. Em seguida, discute a presença do familismo nas políticas públicas para famílias no Brasil em que discursos antigênero buscam a afirmação de um modelo hegemônico de família, como o lugar que salvaguarda a heteronormatividade e a cisgeneridade. Encerra delineando o campo de tensões sobre as relações entre adultos e crianças, que emergem das seções anteriores, buscando argumentos para posicionamentos epistêmicos e ético-políticos das parentalidades.

RESUMÉN. En diálogo con escenas del contexto brasileño de políticas sexuales y de género y con base en estudios feministas y queer, el artículo pretende esbozar líneas y flujos de pensamiento sobre las tensiones entre las relaciones parentales y el derecho de los niños a sus expresiones de géneros y sexualidades. Para ello, sitúa a la infancia como un dispositivo de biopolítica que se entrelaza con los dispositivos de géneros y sexualidades en los modelos perfilados por narrativas psicológicas y educativas. Luego, se discute la presencia del familismo en las políticas públicas para las familias en Brasil en las que los discursos anti-género afirman un modelo hegemónico de familia, como el lugar que salvaguarda la heteronormatividad y la cisgeneridad. Se termina por delinear el campo de tensiones sobre las relaciones entre adultos y niños, que surgen de los apartados anteriores, buscando argumentos a favor de posiciones epistémicas y ético-políticas de las parentalidades.

ABSTRACT. In dialogue with scenes from the Brazilian context of sexual and gender policies and based on feminist and queer studies, the article aims to outline lines and flows of thought about the tensions between parental relationships and the right of children to their expressions of genders and sexualities. For this, childhood is situated as a device of biopolitics that is intertwined with the devices of genders and sexualities in the models outlined by psychological and educational narratives. Then, the presence of familism in public policies is discussed in the case of families in Brazil, in which anti-gender discourses seek to reassert a hegemonic model of family as the place that safeguards heteronormativity and cisgenerity. The article concludes by outlining the field of tensions over the relationships between adults and children, which emerge from the previous sections, seeking arguments for epistemic and ethical-political positions of parenting.

Political Polarization and Intergroup Relations: a study on Social Representations in Brazil / Polarización Política y Relaciones Intergrupales: un estudio sobre las Representaciones Sociales en Brasil

This research aimed to study left-wing and right-wing groups’ political polarization and their Social Representations (SR) of each other, as well as to investigate the experience of political violence and the belief in a just world (BJW). An online survey was conducted. The left-wing groups used the terms equality, empathy, and justice to describe themselves, while the right-wing groups used freedom, conservatism, and justice. Both groups used negative terms to de-scribe their opponents; left-wingers described right-wingers as selfish, ignorant, and intolerant and right-wingers described left-wingers as corrupt, intolerant, and extremist. Regarding vio-lence, 72% stated that they knew someone who had suffered political violence in the last two years, especially through social media. As for the means on the BJW scale, left-wingers had a lower mean than right-wingers. There are significant differences in SRs and positions between the groups, which may be at the core of violence. (AU)

El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar la polarización política y las Representaciones Sociales (RS) de los grupos de derecha e izquierda entre sí, además de verificar la experiencia de la violencia política y la creencia en un mundo justo (CMJ). Se realizó una encuesta en línea. Los grupos de izquierda usaron los términos igualdad, empatía y justicia para describirse a sí mismos, mientras que los grupos de derecha usaron libertad, conservadurismo y justicia. Los dos grupos usaron tér-minos negativos para describir los opuestos; los de izquierda describieron a la derecha como egoísta, ignorante e intolerante, y los de derecha describieron a la izquierda como corrupta, into-lerante y extremista. Sobre la violencia, 72% dijo conocer a alguien que sufrió violencia política en los últimos 2 años, principalmente en las redes sociales. Y sobre a las medias en la escala CMJ, los de laizquierda tuvieron un promedio más bajo que los de la derecha. Hay diferencias impor-tantes en RS y posiciones entre grupos, que pueden estar en el centro de la violencia. (AU)

Narrativas ficcionais e interseccionais no acolhimento institucional de crianças e adolescentes / Narrativas ficcionales e interseccionales en el cuidado institucional de niños y adolescentes / Fictional and intersectional narratives in the institutional care of children and teenagers

O presente artigo insere-se em um exercício de construção de narrativas ficcionais e intersec-cionais acerca do Acolhimento Institucional de Crianças e Adolescentes com o objetivo de visi-bilizar e problematizar os efeitos do mesmo. As narrativas são construídas a partir do conceito de interseccionalidade e utiliza-se da metodologia da gambiarra, uma vez que esta possibilita a produção de resistência no campo das problematizações. A inspiração para a tessitura das nar-rativas vem de muitos lugares, principalmente (ou inclusive) da experiência de estágio do pri-meiro autor no campo das políticas públicas de assistência social no Brasil. Neste sentido, as narrativas que fazem parte deste trabalho não falam de uma história ou de uma identidade, mas de várias histórias que amplificam um presente e plantam incertezas para pensarmos nas práticas que incidem sobre os marcadores sociais da diferença como categorias de articulação. (AU)

This article inserts itself in an exercise of fictional and intersectional narrative construction around the Institutional Care of Children and Teenagers, aiming to highlight and problematize its effects. The narratives are built from the concept of intersectionality and utilize the gam-biarra methodology, since this enables the production of resistance in the field of problemati-zations. The inspiration for this webbing of narratives comes from many places, especially (or in addition to) the internship experience by the first author in the field of Brazil’s public poli-cies of social care. In this sense, the narratives that are part of this work don’t refer to one story or one identity, but to many stories that amplify a present and plant uncertainties in or-der for us to think about the practices that influence the social markers of difference as ar-ticulation categories. (AU)

Profundización a Políticas Públicas que apuesten a una vida saludable para el Pueblo Venezolano / Deepening of Public Policies that bet on a healthy life for the Venezuelan People

Este ensayo constituye un análisis reflexivo crítico de lo que estamos haciendo y lo que queremos alcanzar, que dé cuenta de que debemos hacer para garantizar el derecho a la salud que se traduzca en vida saludable para el pueblo venezolano. La intencionalidad lleva a encontrar a través de la narrativa crítica reflexiva una respuesta concreta y racional a ¿Cuál es el desafío que profundiza a políticas públicas en un gobierno que apuesta al vivir viviendo? El reto, darle significado y sentido a la respuesta, es decir, entender y comprender cuál es "la base del compromiso" al decir de De Sousa (1)Venezuela, desde 1998 tras el arribo del Comandante Supremo Hugo Chávez como Presidente de Venezuela, anidó esperanzas de un mundo mejor, ante el proceso de casi cuarenta años activado y dirigido por el nefasto hecho político del pacto de Punto Fijo, que para la década de los ochenta repunta y trasciende un modo de vida contraria a la dignidad humana de cara al modelo neoliberal impuesto, que materializó la privatización, con franco desmantelamiento del sector público. Muchos avances se han evidenciado a lo largo de estos casi veinte años en el intento de ir prefigurando el socialismo del siglo XXI. Hoy 2020, sometidos desde el inicio de este proceso de cambio y transformación a una guerra permanente por parte de los que adversan un modelo de país que tiene como centro al ser humano y decreta la justicia social, se plantean desafíos importantes para darle el frente a los efectos de la guerra, que en salud están reñidos con el derecho a la vida. Ocupa ponerse al frente de los retos y trascender para impactar las estructuras, transformándolas. Lo que supone aportar elementos que profundicen la viabilidad y factibilidad delas políticas públicas y se direccionen permanentemente y ante cualquier circunstancia a mantener vida saludable para las y los venezolanos.

This essay constitutes a critical reflective analysis of what we are doing and what we want to achieve, which gives an account of what we must do to guarantee the right to health that translates into a healthy life for the Venezuelan people. The intentionality leads to find through the reflexive critical narrative a concrete and rational answer to What is the challenge that deepens public policies in a government that bets on living by living? The challenge is to give meaning and sense to the answer, that is, to understand and comprehend what is "the basis of commitment" as De Sousa (1)says. Venezuela, since 1998 after the arrival of the Supreme Commander Hugo Chávez as President of Venezuela, nested hopes of a better world, in view of the almost forty year process activated and directed by the nefarious political fact of the Punto Fijo pact, which by the eighties, rebounded and transcended a way of life contrary to human dignity in the face of the imposed neoliberal model, which materialized privatization, with frank dismantling of the public sector. Many advances have been evidenced throughout these almost twenty years in the attempt to prefigure the socialism of the 21st century. Today, 2020, subjected since the beginning of this process of change and transformation to a permanent war by those who oppose a model of a country that has the human being at its center and decrees social justice, important challenges are posed to face the effects of the war, which in health are at odds with the right to life. It is necessary to take up the challenges and transcend them in order to have an impact on the structures, transforming them. This implies contributing elements that deepen the viability and feasibility of public policies and that are permanently directed, under any circumstance, to maintain a healthy life for Venezuelans.

[Trends of Implementation of Nonsmoking at Eating and Drinking Establishments One Year before and after April 2020: Consideration of the Status of Implementation of the Amendment Bill for the Health Promotion Act of Japan].

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to clarify the transition to the implementation of smoking prohibition at eating and drinking establishments one year before and after April 2020, the time when they became "nonsmoking" in principle following the implementation of the amendment bill for the Health Promotion Act of Japan. METHODS: The total number of nonsmoking/smoking eating and drinking establishments by industry were obtained using the data from "Tabelog®." The number of people who tested positive for COVID-19 by the polymerase chain reaction test on the day of the survey nationwide and the bankruptcy status of the companies (eating and drinking establishments, etc.) for each month were ascertained. RESULTS: In 2020, a state of emergency was declared owing to the increase in the number of people positive for COVID-19, and many eating and drinking establishments went bankrupt. Despite these circumstances, the number of nonsmoking eating and drinking establishments exceeded that of smoking establishments in March 2020 and continued to increase thereafter. Additionally, the number of nonsmoking "restaurants" increased and exceeded that of smoking restaurants in June 2020. The number of nonsmoking "cafes" already exceeded that of smoking "cafes" at the beginning of this survey and continued to increase. The number of nonsmoking "bars" increased, but that of smoking "bars" remained high. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to promote measures against passive smoking while paying attention to the trends for different types of eating and drinking establishments, rather than considering all establishments together.

Preferences and patterns of response to public health advice during the COVID-19 pandemic.

With recurring waves of the Covid-19 pandemic, a dilemma facing public health leadership is whether to provide public advice that is medically optimal (e.g., most protective against infection if followed), but unlikely to be adhered to, or advice that is less protective but is more likely to be followed. To provide insight about this dilemma, we examined and quantified public perceptions about the tradeoff between (a) the stand-alone value of health behavior advice, and (b) the advice's adherence likelihood. In a series of studies about preference for public health leadership advice, we asked 1061 participants to choose between (5) strict advice that is medically optimal if adhered to but which is less likely to be broadly followed, and (2) relaxed advice, which is less medically effective but more likely to gain adherence-given varying infection expectancies. Participants' preference was consistent with risk aversion. Offering an informed choice alternative that shifts volition to advice recipients only strengthened risk aversion, but also demonstrated that informed choice was preferred as much or more than the risk-averse strict advice.

Household visitation during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has posed novel risks related to the indoor mixing of individuals from different households and challenged policymakers to adequately regulate this behaviour. While in many cases household visits are necessary for the purpose of social care, they have been linked to broadening community transmission of the virus. In this study we propose a novel, privacy-preserving framework for the measurement of household visitation at national and regional scales, making use of passively collected mobility data. We implement this approach in England from January 2020 to May 2021. The measures expose significant spatial and temporal variation in household visitation patterns, impacted by both national and regional lockdown policies, and the rollout of the vaccination programme. The findings point to complex social processes unfolding differently over space and time, likely informed by variations in policy adherence, vaccine relaxation, and regional interventions.

Natural language processing and network analysis provide novel insights on policy and scientific discourse around Sustainable Development Goals.

The United Nations' (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are heterogeneous and interdependent, comprising 169 targets and 231 indicators of sustainable development in such diverse areas as health, the environment, and human rights. Existing efforts to map relationships among SDGs are either theoretical investigations of sustainability concepts, or empirical analyses of development indicators and policy simulations. We present an alternative approach, which describes and quantifies the complex network of SDG interdependencies by applying computational methods to policy and scientific documents. Methods of Natural Language Processing are used to measure overlaps in international policy discourse around SDGs, as represented by the corpus of all existing UN progress reports about each goal (N = 85 reports). We then examine if SDG interdependencies emerging from UN discourse are reflected in patterns of integration and collaboration in SDG-related science, by analyzing data on all scientific articles addressing relevant SDGs in the past two decades (N = 779,901 articles). Results identify a strong discursive divide between environmental goals and all other SDGs, and unexpected interdependencies between SDGs in different areas. While UN discourse partially aligns with integration patterns in SDG-related science, important differences are also observed between priorities emerging in UN and global scientific discourse. We discuss implications and insights for scientific research and policy on sustainable development after COVID-19.

The enduring pursuit of public science at U.S. land-grant universities.

Since the 1990s, universities have faced a push toward output commercialization that has been seen as a potential threat to the public science model. Much less attention has been given to the enduring nature of internal organizational features in academia and how they shape the pursuit of traditional scholarly activities. This article exploits four waves of representative, random-sample survey evidence from agricultural and life science faculty at the 52 major U.S. land-grant universities, spanning 1989-2015, to examine faculty attitudes/preferences, tenure and promotion criteria, output, and funding sources. Our findings demonstrate that faculty attitudes toward scientific research have remained remarkably stable over twenty-five years in strongly favoring intrinsic and public science goals over commercial or extrinsic goals. We also demonstrate the faculty's positive attitudes toward science, an increased pressure to publish in top journals and secure increasingly competitive grants, as well as declining time for science. These trends suggest a reconsideration of university commercialization strategies and a recommitment of universities and their state and federal funders toward fostering public agricultural and life science research.

Extent of compliance with COVID-19 prevention and control guidelines among supermarkets in Kampala Capital City and Mukono Municipality, Uganda.

BACKGROUND: Despite the development and enforcement of preventive guidelines by governments, COVID-19 continues to spread across nations, causing unprecedented economic losses and mortality. Public places remain hotspots for COVID-19 transmission due to large numbers of people present; however preventive measures are poorly enforced. Supermarkets are among the high-risk establishments due to the high interactions involved, which makes compliance with the COVID-19 preventive guidelines of paramount importance. However, until now, there has been limited evidence on compliance with the set COVID-19 prevention guidelines. Therefore, this study aimed to measure compliance with the COVID-19 prevention guidelines among supermarkets in Kampala Capital City and Mukono Municipality Uganda. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among selected supermarkets in Kampala Capital City and Mukono Municipality in September 2020. A total of 229 supermarkets (195 in Kampala City and 34 in Mukono Municipality) were randomly selected for the study. Data were collected through structured observations on the status of compliance with COVID-19 prevention guidelines, and entered using the KoboCollect software, which was preinstalled on mobile devices (smart phones and tablets). Descriptive statistics were generated to measure compliance to the set COVID-19 Ministry of Health prevention guidelines using Stata 14 software. RESULTS: Only 16.6% (38/229) of the supermarkets complied with the COVID-19 prevention and control guidelines. In line with the specific measures, almost all supermarkets 95.2% (218/229) had hand washing facilities placed at strategic points such as the entrance, and 59.8% (137/229) of the supermarkets surveyed regularly disinfected commonly touched surfaces. Only 40.6% and 30.6% of the supermarkets enforced mandatory hand washing and use of face masks respectively for all customers accessing the premises. Slightly more than half, 52.4% (120/229) of the supermarkets had someone or a team in charge of enforcing compliance to COVID-19 measures and more than half, 55.5% (127/229) of the supermarkets had not provided their staff with job-specific training/mentorship on infection prevention and control for COVID-19. Less than a third, 26.2% (60/229) of the supermarkets had an infrared temperature gun for screening every customer, and only 5.7% (13/229) of the supermarkets captured details of clients accessing the supermarket as a measure to ease follow-up. CONCLUSION: This study revealed low compliance with COVID-19 guidelines, which required mandatory preventive measures such as face masking, regular disinfection, social distancing, and hand hygiene. This study suggests the need for health authorities to strengthen enforcement of these guidelines, and to sensitise the supermarket managers on COVID-19 in order to increase the uptake of the different measures.